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Organic Solvents
Organic solvents are chemical compounds consisting
of at least one carbon and one hydrogen atoms in their molecules.
Generally, organic solvents are suitable in dissolving organic solutes. Fats, oil, paints and wax are organic compounds, and such organic solvents as: tetrachloromethane; benzene; diethylether; and alcohol are well known for dissolving them.
Kerosene (also called paraffin) and petrol (also
called gasoline) may be used also.
Removal of stains – stains of organic compounds, such as grease and oil on fabric can be removed by applying any suitable organic solvent, such as any of the above.
Organic solvents are therefore majorly used in the
industry in manufacturing paints, lacquers, dyes, varnishes, adhesives,
cleaning/degreasing products, polymers, textiles, pharmaceutical products,
printing inks, agricultural products, and plastics.
Properties of Organic Solvents
Organic solvents generally have
the following properties:
1. Low molecular weight
2. lipophilicity
3.
Volatility
4.
Liquid form at room temperature.
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Organic Solvents And Their Properties
|
|
Solvent |
Chemical
Formula |
Molecular
mass |
Boiling Point (oC) |
Melting Point (oC) |
|
Acetone
|
C3H6O |
58.08 |
56.2
|
-94.3 |
|
Benzene
|
C6H6 |
78.11 |
80.1
|
5.5 |
|
Chlorobenzene |
C6H5Cl
|
112.56 |
131.7
|
-45.6 |
|
Acetic acid
|
C2H4O2 |
60.05 |
118
|
16.6 |
|
Chloroform
|
CHCl3 |
119.38 |
61.7 |
-63.7 |
|
2-butanone
|
C4H8O |
72.11 |
79.6 |
-86.3 |
|
1-butanol
|
C4H10O |
74.12 |
117.6 |
-89.5 |
|
2-butanol
|
C4H10O |
74.12 |
98 |
-115 |
|
p-xylene
|
C8H10 |
106.17 |
138.4 |
13.3 |
|
m-xylene
|
C8H10 |
106.17 |
139.1 |
-47.8 |
|
o-xylene
|
C8H10 |
106.17 |
144 |
-25.2 |
|
Ethanol
|
C2H6O |
46.07 |
78.5 |
-114.1 |
|
Ethyl
acetate |
C4H8O2 |
88.11 |
77 |
-83.6 |
|
Ethylene
glycol |
C2H6O2 |
62.07 |
195 |
-13 |
|
Formamide (DMF)
|
C3H7NO |
73.09 |
153 |
-61 |
|
Pyridine
|
C5H5N |
79.10 |
115.2 |
-41.6 |
|
Toluene
|
C7H8 |
92.14 |
110.6 |
-93 |
|
Pentane
|
C5H12 |
72.15 |
36.1 |
-129.7 |
|
1-propanol
|
C3H8O |
88.15 |
97 |
-126 |
|
Nitromethane
|
CH3NO2 |
61.04 |
101.2 |
-29 |
|
Methanol
|
CH4O |
32.04 |
64.6 |
-98 |
|
Hexane
|
C6H14 |
86.18 |
69 |
-95 |
|
Methylene
chloride |
CH2Cl2 |
84.93 |
39.8 |
-96.7 |
|
Ether (MTBE)
|
C5H12O |
88.15 |
55.2 |
-109 |
|
Triethyl
amine |
C6H15N |
101.19 |
88.9 |
-114.7 |
|
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
(NMP) |
CH5H9NO |
99.13 |
202 |
-24 |
|
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) |
C4H8O |
72.11 |
66 |
-108.4 |
|
Carbon
tetrachloride |
CCl4 |
153.82 |
76.7 |
-22.4 |
|
Cyclohexane
|
C6H12 |
84.16 |
80.7 |
6.6 |
|
Diethyl
ether |
C4H10O |
74.12 |
34.6 |
-116.3 |
|
Diethylene
glycol |
C4H10O3 |
106.12 |
245 |
-10 |
|
Glycerin
|
C3H8O3 |
92.09 |
290 |
17.8 |
|
Heptane
|
C7H16 |
100.20 |
98 |
-90.6 |
|
Dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) |
C2H6OS |
78.13 |
189 |
18.4 |
|
Acetonitrile
|
C2H3N |
41.05 |
81.6 |
-46 |
|
t-butyl
alcohol |
C4H10O |
74.12 |
82.2 |
25.5 |
|
Dimethylether |
C2H6O |
46.07 |
-22 |
-138.5 |
|
Diglyme (diethylene
glycol
dimethyl ether) |
C6H14O3 |
134.17 |
162 |
-68 |
|
1,2-dimethoxy-
ethane (glyme, DME) |
C4H10O2 |
90.12 |
85 |
-58 |
|
2-propanol
|
C3H8O |
88.15 |
82.4 |
-88.5 |
|
1,2-dichloroethane |
C2H4Cl2 |
98.96 |
83.5 |
-35.3 |
|
Dioxane
|
C4H8O2 |
88.11 |
101.1 |
11.8 |
|
Hexamethylphosphorous
triamide (HMPT) |
C6H18N3P |
163.20 |
150 |
-44 |
|
Hexamethylphosphoramide
(HMPA) |
C6H18N3OP |
179.20 |
232.5 |
7.2 |
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